英语动词（不同时态），可数名词（单复数）和形容词，副词（比较级，最高级）都要掌握词型变化。有些是有规则的，有些是不规则的。
下面为大家总结了所有中学阶段需要掌握的内容，方便大家记忆。
一、不规则动词表
1.A-A-A型（词型无变化的动词）
cut-cut-cut
let-let-let
hit-hit-hit
put-put-put
cost-cost-cost
hurt-hurt-hurt
read-read[red]-read[red]
2.A-A-B型（现在式和过去式同形）
beat-beat-beaten
3.A-B-A型（现在式和过去分词同形）
come-came-come
become-became-become
run-ran-run
4.A-B-B型（动词的过去式与过去分词相同）
1）词尾的“d”变为“t”或词尾是“n”加“t”
build-built-built
lend-lent-lent
send-sent-sent
spend-spent-spent
burn-burnt/burned-burnt/burned
learn-learnt/learned-learnt/learned
mean-meant-meant
2）把原形变为aught及ought的变化（如果原形有a则是aught，无a则是ought）
buy-bought-bought
bring-brought-brought
think-thought-thought
fight-fought-fought
catch-caught-caught
teach-taught-taught
3）eep变ept或过去式、过去分词含有/e/音的动词
keep-kept-kept
sleep-slept-slept
sweep-swept-swept
leave-left-left
say-said-said
meet-met-met
spell-spelt-spelt
smell-smelt/smelled-smelt/smelled
hold-held-heldfeel-felt-felt
4）其他
dig-dug-dug
find-found-found
stand-stood-stood
understand-understood-understood
get-got-gotsit-sat-sat
spoil-spoilt-spoilt
have/has-had-had
sell-sold-sold
tell-told-told
hang-hanged/hung-hanged/hung
hear-heard-heardmake-made-made
pay-paid-paid
lay-laid-laid
lie（说谎）-lied-lied
lose-lost-lost
shine-shone/shined-shone/shined
win-won-won
shoot-shot-shot
5.A-B-C型（现在式、过去式和过去分词都不相同）
（1）in、im的变化（i-a-u型）
sing-sang-sung
ring-rang-rung
begin-began-begun
drink-drank-drunk
swim-swam-swum
sink-sank-sunk
（2）在动词原形后加－n或－en构成过去分词
①ow及aw的变化（过去式以ew结尾，过去分词以wn结尾）
draw-drew-drawn
know-knew-known
throw-threw-thrown
blow-blew-blown
grow-grew-grown
fly-flew-flown
②元音是i的开音节的变化（过去分词以en结尾）
drive-drove-driven
rise-rose-risen
ride-rode-ridden
write-wrote-written
give-gave-given
③其他
see-saw-seen
eat-ate-eaten
take-took-taken
fall-fell-fallen
freeze-froze-frozen
show-showed-shown
break-broke-broken
speak-spoke-spoken
wake-woke-woken
choose-chose-chosen
forget-forgot-forgotten
lie（躺，放）-lay-lain
wear-wore-worn
be（am，is，are）-was/were-been
（3）其他
go-went-gone
do-did-done
6.有过去式，没有过去分词的动词
can-could
may-might
must-must
shall-should
will-would
二、不规则名词复数形式
1.以－f或－fe结尾的名词变复数
（1）加－s，如：
belief-beliefs
roof-roofs
gulf-gulfs
（2）去f，fe加－ves，如：
half-halves
knife-knives
leaf-leaves
life-lives
wolf-wolves
thief-thieves
self-selves
wife-wives
shelf-shelves
2.以－o结尾的名词，变复数
（1）加s，如：photo-photospiano-pianosradio-radioszoo-zooskilo-kilos
（2）加es，如：potato-potatoestomato-tomatoesNegro-Negroeshero-heroes
歌诀记忆：黑人（Negro）和英雄（hero）爱吃西红柿（tomato）和马铃薯（potato）。除了这四个以－o结尾的名词加－es外，其余的以－o结尾的名词加－s。
3.表示“国家”的名词变复数
Chinese-Chinese
Japanese-Japanese
Englishman-Englishmen
Frenchman-Frenchmen
German-Germans
Russian-Russians
Indian-Indians
Canadian-Canadians
American-Americans
4.以复数形式出现的名词
scissors剪刀goods货物trousers/pants/shorts裤子clothes衣服 glasses眼镜
5.以s结尾，仍为单数的名词
（1）maths，politics，physics等学科名词，为不可数名词，是单数。
（2）news是不可数名词。
（3）the United States，the United Nations应视为单数。
6.由man和woman构成的合成名词，两个构成部分都要变成复数
如：man worker-men workers（男工人）
woman doctor-women doctors（女医生）
7.以辅音字母＋y结尾的名词，变y为i再加－es。
baby-babies
city-cities
story-stories
party-parties
lady-ladies
diary-diaries
army-armies
century-centuries
copy-copies
8.以s，x，ch，sh结尾的名词加－es。
class-classes
box-boxes
watch-watches
speech-speeches
bus-buses
brush-brushes
bench-benches
beach-beaches
boss-bosses
church-churches
9.其他不规则变化
man-men
woman-women
goose-geese
foot-feet
tooth-teeth
child-children
fish-fish
deer-deer
sheep-sheep
mouse-mice
fisherman-fishermen
[注]fish指鱼的种类时，要加上－es构成其复数；当指鱼的条数时，单复数同形；指鱼肉时，为不可数名词。
三、不规则形容词副词比较级与最高级
原级比较级最高级
bad worse worst
badly worse worst
ill worse worst
good better best
well better best
far farther farthest/further furthest
late later latest
little less least
many more most
much more most
old older oldest/elder eldest
